Template:SUIT-002 pce
Steps and respiratory states
Step | State | Pathway | Q-junction | Comment - Events (E) and Marks (M) |
---|---|---|---|---|
ce1 | ROUTINE | ce1
| ||
1Dig | REN | ce1;1Dig
|
Step | State | Pathway | Q-junction | Comment - Events (E) and Marks (M) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1D | ROX | ADP is added to stimulate consumption of endogenous fuel-substrates.
Rox is the residual oxygen consumption in the ROX state, due to oxidative side reactions, estimated either after inhibition of CIII (e.g. antimycin A, myxothiazol), CIV (e.g. Cyanide) or in the absence of endogenous fuel-substrates. Rox is subtracted from oxygen flux as a baseline for all respiratory states, to obtain mitochondrial respiration. | ||
2M.1 | Low concentration of malate, typically 0.1 mM, does not saturate the N-pathway; but saturates the F-pathway. | |||
3Oct | OctP | (F) | FAO | 1D;2M.1;3Oct
Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. |
3c | OctMcP | F | FAO | 1D;2M.1;3Oct;3c
Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state. Addition of cytochrome c yields a test for integrity of the mtOM (cytochrome c control efficiency). Stimulation by added cytochrome c would indicate an injury of the mtOM and limitation of respiration in the preceding state without added c due to loss of cytochrome c. Typically, cytochrome c is added immediately after the earliest ADP-activation step (OXPHOS capacity P with saturating [ADP]). |
4M2 | OctMP | F | FAO | 1D;2M.1;3Oct;4M2;5P;6G;7S;8Gp;9U;10Rot
Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. High concentration of malate, typically 2 mM, saturates the N-pathway. OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state. |
5P | OctPMP | FN | F&CI | 1D;2M.1;3Oct;4M2;5P
NADH-linked substrates (type N-pathway to Q). OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state. |
6G | OctPGMP | FN | F&CI | 1D;2M.1;3Oct;4M2;5P;6G
NADH-linked substrates (type N-pathway to Q). OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state. |
7S | OctPGMSP | FNS | F&CI&II | 1D;2M.1;3Oct;4M2;5P;6G;7S
Respiratory stimulation by simultaneous action of the F-pathway, N-pathway, and S-pathway, with convergent electron flow in the FNS-pathway for reconstitution of TCA cycle function and additive or inhibitory effect of F. OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state. |
8Gp | OctPGMSGpP | FNSGp | F&CI&II&GpDH | 1D;2M.1;3Oct;4M2;5P;6G;7S;8Gp
Respiratory stimulation by simultaneous action of fatty acid (F), type N substrates (N), succinate (S), and glycerophosphate with convergent electron flow in the FNSGp-pathway to the Q-junction. OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state. |
9U | OctPGMSGpE | FNSGp | F&CI&II&GpDH | 1D;2M.1;3Oct;4M2;5P;6G;7S;8Gp;9U
Respiratory stimulation by simultaneous action of fatty acid (F), type N substrates (N), succinate (S), and glycerophosphate with convergent electron flow in the FNSGp-pathway to the Q-junction. Uncoupler titration (avoiding inhibition by high uncoupler concentrations) to obtain electron transfer (ET) capacity E (noncoupled ET-state). Test for limitation of OXPHOS capacity P by the phosphorylation system (ANT, ATP synthase, phosphate transporter) relative to ET capacity E in mt-preparations: E-P control efficiency and E-L coupling efficiency. In living cells: E-R control efficiency and E-L coupling efficiency. |
10Rot | SGpE | SGp | CII&GpDH | 1D;2M.1;3Oct;4M2;5P;6G;7S;8Gp;9U;10Rot
Respiratory stimulation by action of succinate and glycerophosphate, Gp, with convergent electron flow in the SGp-pathway (CII&GpDH-linked pathway to the Q-junction). Noncoupled electron transfer state, ET state, with ET capacity E. |
11Ama | ROX | Rox is the residual oxygen consumption in the ROX state, due to oxidative side reactions, estimated after addition of antimycin A (inhibitor of CIII). Rox is subtracted from oxygen flux as a baseline for all respiratory states, to obtain mitochondrial respiration (mt). |
Step | Respiratory state | Pathway control | ET-Complex | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
## AsTm | AsTmE | CIV | CIV | |
## Azd | CHB |
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- Coupling control
- Pathway control
- Β» Electron transfer pathway
- Β» Fatty acid oxidation pathway control state, F
- Β» NADH electron transfer-pathway state, N
- Β» Succinate pathway control state, S
- Β» NS-pathway control state, NS
- Β» Glycerophosphate pathway control state, Gp
- Β» Complex IV single step, CIV
- Β» Anaplerotic pathway control state
- Pathway control
- Main fuel substrates
- Β» Glutamate, G
- Β» Glycerophosphate, Gp
- Β» Malate, M
- Β» Octanoylcarnitine, Oct
- Β» Pyruvate, P
- Β» Succinate, S
- Main fuel substrates
- Glossary