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• Three-electrode system  + (A '''three-electrode system''' is the setu … A '''three-electrode system''' is the setup used in the [[Q-Sensor]], which is an integral part of the [[Q-Module]]. This system is used in voltammetry (including [[cyclic voltammetry]]) to study the current as a function of the applied potential using three different electrodes: 1) the working electrode 2) the reference electrode, and 3) the counter electrode. In the [[Q-Sensor]], the working or detecting electrode is a glassy carbon (GC) electrode that is set to a given potential and makes contact with the analyte. The potential of the working electrode is controlled by the constant potential of the a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode, which does not pass any current. The applied potential on the surface of the GC should be sufficient to either oxidize reduced analyte (in this case [[Coenzyme Q]]) or to reduce oxidized analyte. Thus, the counter electrode is a platinum electrode (Pt) that passes a current to counter these redox events by completing the circuit that is rate-limited by electron transfer on the GC. To determine the reduced Q fraction the GC electrode is set at the oxidation peak potential, which can be determined with [[cyclic voltammetry]].[[cyclic voltammetry]].)
• Tissue homogenate  + (A '''tissue homogenate''' (thom) is obtained through mechanical micro-disruption of fresh tissue and the cell membranes are mechanically permeabilized.)
• User code - DatLab  + (A '''user''' code or name is entered upon starting [[DatLab]]. This window pops up automatically after opening DatLab. Usernames are connected with personal [[Layout for DatLab graphs |graph layouts]].)
• Vector  + (A '''vector''' is a pysicochemical quantit … A '''vector''' is a pysicochemical quantity with magnitude and spatial direction of a [[gradient]]. Symbols for vectors are written in bold face. For example, [[velocity]], '''''v''''', and the fundamental [[force]]s of physics, '''''F''''', are vectors. An infinitesimal area is a vector, d'''''A''''', perpendicular to the plane. d'''''A''''', perpendicular to the plane.)
• Working measurement standard  + (A '''working measurement standard''' is a standard that is used routinely to calibrate or check material measures, measuring instruments or reference materials [SOURCE: VIM:1993, 6.7].)
• In vitro diagnostic medical device  + (A [[medical device]] … A [[medical device]] is an '''in vitro diagnostic medical device (IVD)''' if it is a reagent, calibrator, control material, kit, specimen receptacle, software, instrument, apparatus, equipment or system, whether used alone or in combination with other diagnostic goods for in vitro use.h other diagnostic goods for in vitro use.)
• Steady state  + (A [[system]] … A [[system]] is in a '''steady state''' if the state variables of a dynamic system do not change over time due to exchange processes with the environment, which compensate for internal dissipative transformations — such as chemical reactions or diffusion — and thus prevent any changes of the system and externalize dissipative changes to the environment. The dynamic nature of the steady state differentiates it from the thermodynamic equilibrium state. {''Quote''} Steady states can be obtained only in [[open system]]s, in which changes by internal transformations, ''e.g.'', O₂ consumption, are instantaneously compensated for by external fluxes across the system boundary, ''e.g.'', O₂ supply, thus preventing a change of O₂ concentration in the system (Gnaiger 1993). Mitochondrial [[respiratory states]] monitored in [[closed system]]s satisfy the criteria of pseudo-steady states for limited periods of time, when changes in the system ([[concentration]]s of O₂, fuel substrates, ADP, P_i, H⁺) do not exert significant effects on metabolic fluxes (respiration, phosphorylation). Such pseudo-steady states require respiratory media with sufficient buffering capacity and substrates maintained at kinetically-saturating concentrations, and thus depend on the kinetics of the processes under investigation. {''end of Quote'': [[BEC 2020.1]]}. Whereas fluxes may change at a steady state over time, concentrations are maintained constant. The 'respiratory steady state' (Chance and Williams 1955) is characterized by constant fluxes (O₂ flux, H₂O₂ flux) and measured variables of state (cytochrome redox states, Q redox state, NADH redox state, mitochondrial membrane potential). [[High-resolution respirometry]] allows for the measurement of several parameters (''e.g.'' O₂ flux, H₂O₂ flux, mitochondrial membrane potential) at pseudo-steady states, when changes of [[concentration]]s in the [[closed system]] do not exert any control on fluxes. Combination with the [[TIP2k-Module| Titration-Injection microPump (TIP2k)]] allows operation with programmable titration regimes at steady-state ADP concentration (Gnaiger 2001), oxygen concentration (oxystat mode; Gnaiger et al 2000, Harrison et al 2015) or steady-state pH (pH-stat more), yielding an expanded flexibility in experimental design by combining the technical advantages of closed and [[open system]]s approaches.en system]]s approaches.)
• Uninterrupted power supply  + (A back-up power supply may be required to secure '''uninterrupted power supply'''.)
• Graph control - DatLab  + (A combination of mouse and keyboard commands provides convenient control of graphs in DatLab 8.)
• SUIT: Browse DL-Protocols and templates  + (A comprehensive library of SUIT protocols … A comprehensive library of SUIT protocols including DatLab example traces, instructions, brief explanatory texts, links to relevant pages, representative diagrams and templates for data evaluation can be browsed from inside DatLab 7.4. Click on menu [Protocols]\SUIT: Browse DL-Protocols and templates to open a folder with all the [[MitoPedia: SUIT|SUIT protocols]] provided with the DatLab 7.4. [[Run DL-Protocol/Set O2 limit| DL-Protocols]] (DLP) for different [[MitoPedia: Sample preparations|sample preparations]] can be chosen to assess multiple sequences of respiratory [[Coupling control state|coupling control ]] and [[Electron-transfer-pathway state|ET-pathway ]] states. DL-Protocols posses unique D## codes and comprise a fixed sequence of events and marks which cannot be changed by the user. However, the users can edit titration volumes and concentrations in the Overview window of a DL-protocol, save the overview, and export the file as a [[Export DL-Protocol User (*.DLPU)|user-specific DL-Protocol]] [File / Export / A or B: Export DL-Protocol User (*.DLPU)]. In DatLab 7.4, fixed sequence of events and marks can be changed (Skip/Added) in a SUIT protocol by the user. Moreover, editions of text, instructions, concentrations and titration volumes of injections in a specific DL-Protocol can be edited and saved as [[Export DL-Protocol User (*.DLPU)|user-specific DL-Protocol]] [File]\Export\DL-Protocol User (*.DLPU). For more information, see: [[Enable DL-Protocol editing]].[[Enable DL-Protocol editing]].)

• Inside the O2k  + (A glance '''inside the [[Oroboros O2k]]''')

• TPP+ inhibitory effect  + (A major task in establishing a procedure f … A major task in establishing a procedure for measurement of [[mitochondrial membrane potential]] using probe molecules is the evaluation of inhibitory concentrations of the probe molecule on the activity of respiration. The '''TPP⁺ inhibitory effect''' (this also applies to TPMP⁺ and other indicator molecules) is frequently ignored. Accurate knowledge of a threshold concentration is required to evaluate the necessary limit of detection of TPP⁺, and for restriction of experimental TPP⁺ concentrations below the inhibitory range.ion of experimental TPP⁺ concentrations below the inhibitory range.)
• Experiment  + (A number of replica, ''N'', of '''experime … A number of replica, ''N'', of '''experiment'''s on one [[sample type]] is designed to obtain statistical information about the involved [[population]](s) and to test hypotheses about a population and about differences between populations, when experiments are carried out on different sample types. An experiment may involve various [[assay]]s, ''e.g.'', a respirometric assay and an assay for protein determination.ay and an assay for protein determination.)
• User - DatLab  + (A user name is)
• Light source  + (A variety of '''light sources''' are avail … A variety of '''light sources''' are available for [[fluorometry]] and [[spectrophotometry]]. These include deuterium, mercury and xenon arc lamps and quartz halogen bulbs dependent upon the wavelengths required. However, the advent of [[light emitting diode]]s has greatly increased the possibilities for the application of [[fluorometry]] and [[spectrophotometry]] to areas that were previously not practicable, and at a much reduced cost.t practicable, and at a much reduced cost.)
• Elasticity  + (According to David Fell, "Elasticities are … According to David Fell, "Elasticities are properties of individual enzymes and not the metabolic system. The elasticity of an enzyme to a metabolite is related to the slope of the curve of the enzyme's rate plotted against metabolite concentration, taken at the metabolite concentrations found in the pathway in the metabolic state of interest. It can be obtained directly as the slope of the logarithm of the rate plotted against the logarithm of the metabolic concentration. The elasticity will change at each point of the curve (s,v) and must be calculated for the specific concentration of the metabolite (s) that will give a specific rate (r) of the enzyme activity" (See Figure).</br></br></br>[[File:Elasticity_Measurement.jpg]][[File:Elasticity_Measurement.jpg]])
• O2k control - DatLab 7  + (After selection of an O2k setup in the '''O2k control''' [F7] window, followed by a left-click '''Send to O2k''', only the following control functions are routinely required during experimental operations.)
• Amperometric,Amp  + (After selection of the Amperometric, Amp c … After selection of the Amperometric, Amp channel in the '''[[O2k configuration]]''', an Amperometric, Amp tab will appear in the '''O2k control''' [F7] window. Set the desired light intensity (0-1600) in the field ´Fluo intensity´ and the desired amplification of the signal (1-1000) in the field ´Gain for Fluo sensor´in the Amperometric, Amp window followed by a left-click '''Send to O2k'''. Switching off the [[Illumination on/off|illumination]] before each fluorometric measurement is routinely required.ometric measurement is routinely required.)
• Connection window  + (After starting [[DatLab]] either the '''Connection window''' opens automatically by default or open [[O2k control]] by pressing [F7] and select the communication port.)
• Absorbance  + (Also known as attenuation or extinction, ' … Also known as attenuation or extinction, '''absorbance''' (''A'') is a measure of the difference between the [[incident light]] intensity (''I''₀) and the intensity of light emerging from a sample (''I''). It is defined as:</br></br>''A'' = log (''I''₀/''I'') is defined as: ''A'' = log (''I''₀/''I''))
• Intrinsic fluorophores  + (An '''Intrinsic flourophore''' is a naturally occurring [[fluorophore]] of which [[NADH]], aromatic amino acids and flavins are examples.)