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- Electric current + ('''Current''' or electric [[flow]] โฆ '''Current''' or electric [[flow]] ''I''<sub>el</sub> is the [[advancement]] of [[charge]] per unit of time, expressed in the SI base unit [[ampere]] [Cยทs<sup>-1</sup> = A]. Electrons or ions are the current-carrying [[motive entity |motive entities]] of electric flow. Electrons e<sup>-</sup> are negatively charged subatomic particles carrying 'negative electricity' with a mass that is about 1/1700 of the smallest particle โ the proton โ carrying 'positive electricity' (Thompson 1906). Correspondingly the [[velocity]] of electrons is much higher than that of protons or any other (larger) ion. Current is the velocity ''v'' of paticles times the number of motive charges. Therefore, electron current ''I''<sub>e<sup>-</sup></sub> is of a different nature from electric current ''I''<sub>el''ฯ''</sub> carried by all species ''i'' of ions ''X<sub>i</sub>'' (cations and anions) summarized as ''ฯ'' = ฮฃ(''z<sub>i</sub>''ยท''X<sub>i</sub>''). Whereas ''I''<sub>e<sup>-</sup></sub> is the net translocation of electrons moving forwards and backwards, ''I''<sub>el''ฯ''</sub> is the net translocation of charges carried by different cations and anions. In contrast, ion current ''I''<sub>elX</sub> of a specific ion X is the partial translocation of charges carried by net translocation of ion X only. If cation current ''I''<sub>elX<sup>+</sup></sub> is antagonized entirely by counterion current ''I''<sub>elY<sup>-</sup></sub> as the process of antiport, then the electric current ''I''<sub>el''ฯ''</sub> is zero. The (net) electric current in a compartmental system is driven by the electric force ฮ<sub>el</sub>''F''<sub>p<sup>+</sup></sub> or electric potential difference ฮ''ฮจ''<sub>p<sup>+</sup></sub>, whereas a compensated ion/counterion antiport current is insensitive to the electric potential difference.tal system is driven by the electric force ฮ<sub>el</sub>''F''<sub>p<sup>+</sup></sub> or electric potential difference ฮ''ฮจ''<sub>p<sup>+</sup></sub>, whereas a compensated ion/counterion antiport current is insensitive to the electric potential difference.)