Smith 2016 Diabetes

Smith BK, Ford RJ, Desjardins EM, Green AE, Hughes MC, Houde VP, Day EA, Marcinko K, Crane JD, Mottillo EP, Perry CG, Kemp BE, Tarnopolsky MA, Steinberg GR (2016) Salsalate (Salicylate) uncouples mitochondria, improves glucose homeostasis, and reduces liver lipids independent of AMPK β1. Diabetes 65:3352-61.

» PMID: 27554471

Smith BK, Ford RJ, Desjardins EM, Green AE, Hughes MC, Houde VP, Day EA, Marcinko K, Crane JD, Mottillo EP, Perry CG, Kemp BE, Tarnopolsky MA, Steinberg GR (2016) Diabetes

Abstract: Salsalate is a prodrug of salicylate that lowers blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and reduces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in animal models; however, the mechanism mediating these effects is unclear. Salicylate directly activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via the β1 subunit but whether salsalate requires AMPK β1 to improve T2D and NAFLD has not been examined. Therefore, wild-type (WT) and AMPK β1 knockout mice (AMPK β1KO) were treated with a salsalate dose resulting in clinically relevant serum salicylate concentrations (∼1 mM). Salsalate treatment increased oxygen consumption, lowered fasting glucose, improved glucose tolerance and led to a ∼55% reduction in liver lipid content; effects observed in both WT and AMPK β1KO mice. To explain these AMPK-independent effects, it was found that salicylate increases oligomycin-insensitive respiration (state 4o) and directly increases mitochondrial proton conductance at clinical concentrations. This uncoupling effect is tightly correlated with the suppression of de novo lipogenesis. Salicylate is also able to stimulate brown adipose tissue respiration independent of UCP1. These data indicate that the primary mechanism by which salsalate improves glucose homeostasis and NAFLD is via salicylate-driven mitochondrial uncoupling.

© 2016 by the American Diabetes Association.

• O2k-Network Lab: CA Antigonish Kane DA, CA Toronto Perry CG, CA Toronto Perry CG, CA Hamilton Tarnopolsky MA

Labels: MiParea: Respiration, Genetic knockout;overexpression, Pharmacology;toxicology  Pathology: Diabetes 

Organism: Mouse  Tissue;cell: Skeletal muscle, Liver, Fat  Preparation: Permeabilized cells, Isolated mitochondria  Enzyme: Uncoupling protein  Regulation: AMP, Coupling efficiency;uncoupling  Coupling state: LEAK, OXPHOS, ETS"ETS" is not in the list (LEAK, ROUTINE, OXPHOS, ET) of allowed values for the "Coupling states" property.  Pathway: F, N, NS, Other combinations, ROX  HRR: Oxygraph-2k 

Labels, 2016-11