Glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state: Difference between revisions
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{{MitoPedia | {{MitoPedia | ||
|abbr=G | |abbr=G | ||
|description=[[File:G.jpg|left|200px|G]] '''G''': [[Glutamate]] is an [[Anaplerotic pathway control state |anaplerotic]] [[Electron transfer-pathway state |NADH-linked type 4 substrate]] ( | |description=[[File:G.jpg|left|200px|G]] '''G''': [[Glutamate]] is an [[Anaplerotic pathway control state |anaplerotic]] [[Electron transfer-pathway state |NADH-linked type 4 substrate]] (N). When supplied as the sole fuel substrate in the '''glutamate pathway control state''', G is transported by the electroneutral glutamate-/OH- exchanger, and is oxidised via mt-[[glutamate dehydrogenase]] in the mitochondrial matrix. The G-pathway plays an important role in [[glutaminolysis]]. | ||
|info=[[Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways]] - Chapter 3.3 | |info=[[Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways]] - Chapter 3.3 | ||
}} | }} | ||
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== Details == | == Details == | ||
:::: In human skeletal muscle mitochondria, [[OXPHOS]] capacity with glutamate alone ( | :::: In '''human skeletal muscle mitochondria''', [[OXPHOS]] capacity with glutamate alone (G<sub>''P''</sub>) is 50% to 85% of respiration in the [[GM pathway control state]] (GM<sub>''P''</sub>). Accumulation of fumarate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase. | ||
:::: Glutamate derived from hydrolyzation of glutamine is an important aerobic substrate in cultured cells. Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase is particularly active in astrocytes, preventing glutamate induced neurotoxicity. mtNAD-malic enzyme supports an anaplerotic pathway when carbohydrate is limiting. | :::: Glutaminolysis: Glutamate derived from hydrolyzation of glutamine is an important aerobic substrate in cultured cells, supporting anaplerosis. Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase is particularly active in astrocytes, preventing glutamate induced neurotoxicity. | ||
:::: Anaplerosis from malate: mtNAD-malic enzyme supports an anaplerotic pathway when carbohydrate is limiting. |
Revision as of 15:59, 21 December 2018
- high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution
Glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state
Description
G: Glutamate is an anaplerotic NADH-linked type 4 substrate (N). When supplied as the sole fuel substrate in the glutamate pathway control state, G is transported by the electroneutral glutamate-/OH- exchanger, and is oxidised via mt-glutamate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix. The G-pathway plays an important role in glutaminolysis.
Abbreviation: G
Reference: Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways - Chapter 3.3
MitoPedia concepts:
SUIT state
Communicated by Gnaiger E 2016-01-25, edited 2016-11-29.
G(L)
G(P)
G(E)
Details
- In human skeletal muscle mitochondria, OXPHOS capacity with glutamate alone (GP) is 50% to 85% of respiration in the GM pathway control state (GMP). Accumulation of fumarate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase.
- Glutaminolysis: Glutamate derived from hydrolyzation of glutamine is an important aerobic substrate in cultured cells, supporting anaplerosis. Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase is particularly active in astrocytes, preventing glutamate induced neurotoxicity.
- Anaplerosis from malate: mtNAD-malic enzyme supports an anaplerotic pathway when carbohydrate is limiting.