Miwa 2015 Free Radic Biol Med
| Miwa S, Treumann A, Bell A, Vistoli G, Nelson G, Hay S, von Zglinicki T (2015) Carboxylesterase converts Amplex red to resorufin: Implications for mitochondrial H2O2 release assays. Free Radic Biol Med 90:173-83. |
Miwa S, Treumann A, Bell A, Vistoli G, Nelson G, Hay S, von Zglinicki T (2015) Free Radic Biol Med
Abstract: Amplex Red is a fluorescent probe that is widely used to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a reaction where it is oxidised to resorufin by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a catalyst. This assay is highly rated amongst other similar probes thanks to its superior sensitivity and stability. However, we report here that Amplex Red is readily converted to resorufin by a carboxylesterase without requiring H2O2, horseradish peroxidase or oxygen: this reaction is seen in various tissue samples such as liver and kidney as well as in cultured cells, causing a serious distortion of H2O2 measurements. The reaction can be inhibited by Phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) at concentrations which do not disturb mitochondrial function nor the ability of the Amplex Red-HRP system to detect H2O2. In vitro experiments and in silico docking simulations indicate that carboxylesterases 1 and 2 recognise Amplex Red with the same kinetics as carboxylesterase-containing mitochondria. We propose two different approaches to correct for this problem and re-evaluate the commonly performed experimental procedure for the detection of H2O2 release from isolated liver mitochondria. Our results call for a serious re-examination of previous data. • Keywords: Amplex Red, Mitochondria, Liver, Reactive Oxygen Species, Measurement, Carboxylesterase
Cited by
- Komlódi T, Sobotka O, Gnaiger E (2021) Facts and artefacts on the oxygen dependence of hydrogen peroxide production using Amplex UltraRed. Bioenerg Commun 2021.4. https://doi:10.26124/BEC:2021-0004
Labels: MiParea: Respiration, Pharmacology;toxicology
Stress:Oxidative stress;RONS Organism: Mouse Tissue;cell: Liver Preparation: Isolated mitochondria
Coupling state: LEAK, OXPHOS, ET
Pathway: N, S, ROX
HRR: Oxygraph-2k
MitoFit 2021 AmR-O2
